ICA Maps and theInternet Commission
Submitted Nov. 12, 2001
by
Dr. Michael P. Peterson
Department ofGeography / Geology
University ofNebraska at Omaha
Omaha, NE
Tel. (402) 554-4805,Fax (402) 553-5234
http://maps.unomaha.edu
and
Univ.-Doz. Mag. Dr. Georg Gartner
Institut für Kartographie und Geo-Medientechnik
Technische Universität Wien
Karlsgasse 11, A-1040 Wien
Tel: +431/58801-12611, Fax: +431/58801-12699
http://www.ikr.tuwien.ac.at
Introduction
The Maps and the InternetCommission was established in 1999 in Ottawa, Canada. The commission represents a continuation of the former MapUse Commission and a recognition that the Internet has led to a major change inthe way maps are distributed and used. Since 1999, the commission has sponsored two major meetings,co-sponsored sessions at meetings of the North American CartographicInformation Society (NACIS) and the Association of American Geographers
1. Maps and the Internet Symposium, Knoxville, Tennessee
A one-day symposium wassponsored by the commission in conjunction with meetings of the North AmericanCartographic Information Society (NACIS) in Knoxville, Tennessee , USA, on Oct.11, 2001. Appendix 1 presents a schedule for the Symposium and a report by ICAVice-President . Alberta Auriger Wood, who attended the meetings.
Four papers presented fromthe symposium were published in Cartographic Perspectives
Rex G.Cammack and Lindsay Svadbik. Internet Maps in the Context of CommunityRight-to-Know versus Public Safety,p. 26.
Corné P.J.M.van Elzakker .Use and Users of Maps on the Web
MarkMonmonier. Webcams, Interactive Index Maps, and Our Brave New World’s BraveNew Globe, p. 51
IlyaZaslavsky. A New Technology for Interactive Online Mapping with VectorMarkup and XML p. 65
2. Maps and the Internet Workshop, Guangzhou, China
A "Maps and theInternet Workshop" was held in Guangzhou, China, July 31 - Aug. 2.Co-sponsored by the Guangdong Academy of Science, South China Normal Universityand the ISPRS Commission IV/2, the workshop was attended by participants from11 different countries. A total of 24 papers were presented over the 3-dayperiod. Eighteen papers from the workshop were published in the Journal ofSouth China Normal University, Natural Science Edition, July 2001. The workshopincluded simultaneous translation into Chinese and was attended by about 70people (see Appendix 2).
Twelve participants to themeeting in Guangzhou took part in a post-conference tour through Wuhan toBeijing. We stopped for a day in Wuhan as the tour the University andcity. Our host was Prof. JianyaGong of the National Lab for Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping& Remote Sensing, Wuhan University.
3.Sessions at the Association of American Geographers
2001
Two sessions on Maps and the Internet
Rex G. Cammack, Department of Geography, Geology andPlanning, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65804. E-MAIL:rexcammack@smsu.edu. Internet Mapping: the Technologies for Creating,Publishing and Browsing Maps on the WWW.
Michael P. Peterson, Department of Geography/Geology, Universityof Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182. E-MAIL: geolib@unomaha.edu. ResearchDirections in Internet Cartography.
Timothy Trainor, Geography Division, U.S. Census Bureau,Washington, D.C. 20233-7400. E-MAIL: ttrainor@geo.census.gov. Maps and Mappingon the Internet: Issues for Large Spatial Databases and Large MappingOrganizations.
Matthew McGranghan, Department of Geography, University ofHawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822. E-MAIL:matt@hawaii.edu. VRML Is Still Viable.
This was followed by apanel discussion:
Maps and the Internet: Should Cartography Abandon Paper?
(Sponsored by AAG Cartography Specialty Group, WWW SpecialtyGroup, and the ICA Commission on Maps and the Internet)
Organizer: Rex G. Cammack, Southwest Missouri State University
Chair: Rex G. Cammack, Southwest Missouri State University
Panelists:
Michael P. Peterson, University of Nebraska-Omaha,
Timothy Trainer, U.S. Census Bureau,
Matthew McGranaghan, University of Hawaii,
Rex G. Cammack, Southwest Missouri State University,
Jeremy Crampton, Georgia State University
NewWays for Cartography:Maps and the Internet
3-DayWorkshop in Cooperation with the German Cartographic Society.
Firstsession: 6-8 November 2000, Landesamt für Informationstechnologie Hamburg (28Participants)
Secondsession: 27-29 November 2000, Hessische Zentrale für DatenverarbeitungWiesbaden (24 Teilnehmer)
Third Session: 28-30 March 2001, Landesamt fürDatensicherung und Statistik, Teltow bei Berlin (22 Participants).
MAP2WEB
Hochschulkurs vom 11-13. Juni 2001 at the Institut fürKartographie und Geo-Medientechnik, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna,Austria
Internet KartographieWorkshop
GermanKartographentag, held in Salzburg 1 October 2001 by Georg Gartner, AndreasNeumann and Andre Winter.
NewWays for Cartography Part II: Maps and the Internet
3-Day Workshop in Cooperation with the Deutschen Gesellschaft fürKartographie. Held by Georg Gartner, Andreas Pammer, Nicole Ueberschär andChristop Paul.
27-29 September 2001, Department of Cartography, University ofBonn, Germany (28 participants).
2002
Two sessions on Maps andthe Internet have been scheduled for the AAG annual meeting in Los Angeles
Session#1:
Ming-Hsiang Tsou
Title: "An Intelligent Agent-basedArchitecture for Internet Mapping and Distributed Geographic InformationServices"
Christina H Drew
Title: "Promoting TransparentDecisions with GIS and Internet Technology: Evaluating the Hanford DecisionMapping System"
Bridget J Beesley
Title: "Comparison of Two Web MapServer Applications from a Developers Perspective: A Facility ServicesApproach"
Chris J Robinson
Title: "Web-based GIS Application forBackpacking in U.S. National Parks"
Edwin T Chow
Title: "A Web-Based GeographicInformation System Application for Hydrology"
Session#2:
Rex G Cammack
Title: "Internet Maps Uses: Overcomingthe Disconnect Between Geo-spatial Data and the Environment"
Jeffrey S Torguson
Title: "The Student Atlas ofRussia"
Linda M Levay
Title: "Web Mapping for Tourism: ScubaDiving in South Carolina"
Barry J Glick
Title: "Maps & the Internet: theMapquest Experience"
Michael P Peterson
Title: "Finding Maps through theInternet: An Investigation of High School and College Freshman"
5. Upcoming Activities of the Commission
2002
The commission is alsoarranging joint meetings with aGerman conference called WebMapping. Gartner will be attending the
2003:
6. Commission Web Page
Maintained by theCommission chair, the web page contains pages on the terms of reference,ongoing research, research questions, working papers, members, upcomingmeetings, and educational material. The pages are presented in Appendix 3.
Appendix 1
Wednesday October 11, 2000
Symposium on Maps and theInternet
8:00 am – Welcome
8:15 - 10:00 am - Session #1: Uses andPotential
An Introduction to Maps and the Internet
Michael Peterson, Univ. ofNebraska at Omaha and Georg Gartner, Technical University of Vienna, Vienna,Austria
Webcams, Interactive Index Maps, and ourBrave New World's Brave New Globe
Mark Monmonier, SyracuseUniversity
Monitoring Student Use of GIS Exercises onthe Internet
Barbara P. Buttenfield -University of Colorado
Use and Users of Maps on the Web
Corné P.J.M. van Elzakker -ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands
10:30 am – noon - Session #2: Methods andFormats
Client-Side 2D Vector Rendering and XML inWeb Interactive Mapping
Ilya Zaslavsky - San DiegoSupercomputer Center, University of California San Diego
Maximizing the Value of Existing GISSoftware by Using OPENGIS XML Based Interface
Ignacio Guerrero - IntergraphCorporation, Huntsville, Alabama
Visualization of On-demand Virtual DataProducts in a Distributed Environment
Mike Botts, Ken Keiser, HelenConover, Sara Graves - University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama
A Geodata 3D Viewer for the Web
Jandirk Bulens, Pim Luremans& Henk Kramer - Amsterdam, The Netherlands
1:30 - 3:00 pm - Session #3: Uses andUser Issues
Internet Maps in the Context of CommunityRight-to-Know versus Public Safety
Rex G. Cammack and LindsaySvadbik - Southwest Missouri State University
The Role of the Map in Internet-Based TravelDestination Marketing
C. Peter Keller and Erin R.Richmond - University of Victoria
A Geo-Relational Approach to theDissemination of Geographic Information on the Internet
Robert G. Cromley and PatrickMcGlamery - University of Connecticut
A School Atlas for the Province of Quebec,Canada, on the Web
Jacqueline Anderson -Concordia University, Canada, JeanCarrière - Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada, and Janine Le Sann -Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Session #4: 3:30 - 5:00 -Research Agenda Roundtable Sessions
Session #5: FRIDAY OCT. 13; 1:30 - 3:00 -Symposium Follow-up Roundtable
A symposiumfollow-up roundtable will review the symposium and announce plans for futuremeetings, including China in 2001 (see Session M: Maps and the Internet
Report on Maps and the Internet Symposium
Report by Alberta AurigerWood
Oct. 23, 2000
Newfoundland, Canada
The symposium was an all day event on October11, 2000, beginning with registration at 8 am. There were 83 people inattendance from the United States, Canada, The Netherlands, Iceland, and acouple of other countries. Michael Peterson (University of Nebraska at Omaha),Chair of the International Cartographic Association Commission on Maps and theInternet that organized the symposium, provided an introduction in the firstsession on "Uses and Potential." He noted that in June 1993 therewere 130 web servers while in September 2000 there were 21,166,912! Anexponential growth pattern is expected to continue. The terms of reference forthe commission and planned meetings were described. Mark Monmonier (SyracuseUniversity) followed with a presentation on "Webcams, Interactive IndexMaps, and our Brave New World's Brave New Globe." The emphasis was onwebcams which are used to monitor something visually. He noted that theearliest occurrence was in Cambridge, England, in 1991 to monitor a coffeemachine, while the earliest cartographic one was in 1996 when three sites onI-66 were indicated on a map. Some of the indexing for webcams is inadquate,but he noted a world map of live webcams. Also displayed was a map of midtownManhattan showing the location and coverage of security cameras. Corné vanElzakker (ITC, The Netherlands) was the next speaker covering "Uses andUsers of Maps on the Web." One of the current programs at the ITC is oneducation and research in web cartography which led to the publication of thebook entitled Web Cartography by Menno-Jan Kraak and Allan Brown with theaccompanying website, http://kartoweb.itc.nl/webcartography/webbook/
The next session was on "Methods andFormats." Ilya Zaslavsky (Supercomputer Center, University of Californiaat San Diego) talked about "Client-Side 2D Vector Rendering and XML in WebInteractive Mapping." XML stands for extensible markup language. Alsomentioned was the Open GIS Consortium's geographic markup language with thesuggestion that it be used for exchange while the ArcView extensions forconverting to XML, Axio Map, be used for presentation. He was followed byIgnacio Guerrero (Intergraph Corporation, Huntsville, AL) speaking on"Maximizing the Value of Existing GIS Software by Using OPENGIS XML BasedInterface." It was a good follow-up. He noted that XML is a simpletext-based system to encode data and uses a system of tags like HTML. He feltthat GML is enabling technology for the next step to include vector graphics.Steve Tanner (University of Alabama in Huntsville) was next to present a paperon "Visualization of On-demand Virtual Data Products in a DistributedEnvironment" authored by colleagues Mike Botts, Ken Keiser, Helen Conoverand Sara Graves who could not attend. He covered Earth Science InformationPartners with NASA which collects data and stores it without knowing how itwill be used and described a Passive Microwave ESIP to allow remotevisualization that is java based. The morning concluded with Jandirk Bulens(Wageningen University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) presenting his, PimLuremans, and Henk Kramer's essay "A Geodata 3D Viewer for the Web."This offered a way to see the bottom layer from underneath. Several basic datasets are present: soil, topography, land use, digital elevation models fromwhich one can measure trees and land. They use VRML and are transferring to X3Dan XML compliant version of VRML. He felt that this could be used to improvecartographic presentation and explore perception and human behavioral aspectsin the landscape, as well as to explore the dynamics of land use.
The Intergraph Corporation sponsored a lunchin a room adjacent to the lecture theater where the sessions were held. Theafternoon paper session began with Rex G. Cammack (Southwest Missouri StateUniversity) presenting on "Internet Maps in the Context of CommunityRight-to-Know versus Public Safety" co-authored with Lindsay Svadbik. Thisfocused on the mapping of chemical hazard sites to provide environmentalawareness through maps (positive, negative, propaganda and empowering). A majorproblem is that government organizations are worried about terrorism, whichresults in many legal restrictions on information available. Peter Keller(University of Victoria, B.C., Canada) presented on work done with ErinRichmond on "The Role of the Map in Internet-Based Travel DestinationMarketing." He noted that maps are inseparable from tourism and should bea fundamental tool, in the future mostly Internet based. The method was to rankthe top 30 world-wide tourism destinations, find the official sites for themand locate maps on the sites. They had to follow every link! Eventually, 191maps, 94 static and 87 dynamic, were located. The web page for their work is athttp://www.geog.uvic.ca/MIBTDM/ Next were Robert Cromley and Patrick McGlamery(University of Connecticut) who spoke on "A Geo-Relational Approach to theDissemination of Geographic Information on the Internet." Theyconcentrated on disseminating maps and spatial data through distributed electronicnetworks to produce maps, conduct statistical inquiries, or perform analysis.The web addresses are http://magic.lib.uconn.edu/ andhttp://ctdata.lib.uconn.edu/ They have 25,000 data files for Connecticut. Itbegan in 1988 using SAS and now includes FTP, PC ARCInfo, a website since 1995,MrSID, and in 2000 the Connecticut Data Center Prototype. They have partneredwith the Library of Congress to bring in reproductions of early maps ofConnecticut. The session finished with Jacqueline Anderson (ConcordiaUniversity, Montréal) talking about "A School Atlas for the Province ofQuebec, Canada, on the web," authored with Jean Carrière (Université duQuébec à Montréal) and Janine LeSann (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil). At the same time there isa heavier reliance on the web, the province of Québec has developed a newschool curriculum with few hours devoted to social science or geography. Theyare responding with a web-based school atlas that is child centered based uponthe curriculum, user requirements, and cartographers' ideas, taking intoconsideration technical and financial restraints. An interactive tool box willbe at its heart.
About an hour was then spent divided into researchagenda working groups on Internet Map Use and Internet Map Creation to discussfuture possibilities and problems. Corné van Elzakker summarized the formerdiscussions. Especially noted was something to be done about archiving of webpages. More feedback from users is needed, even including eye movement studies.Metadata was noted as an important issue. An award for websites from the userspoint of view was suggested. Rex Cammack reported for the latter group. It wasfelt that a working group on metadata should be organized to cover data qualityand information on data, as well as cross cultural issues. A cartographicwebsite is needed to help with multi-cultural design including generalization,labeling and marketing.
On Friday afternoon, there was awell-attended symposium follow up roundtable. Forthcoming meetings of the ICACommission were noted, such as ones to be held in conjunction with theAssociation of American Geographers meeting at the end of February next yearand in 2002. One panel will address the question of "Why shouldcartographers abandon paper?" Along with the ICA meeting in Beijing inAugust 2001, the Commission will meet in Guangzhou, probably July 31-Aug. 2.Other meetings are planned for Austria in 2002 and South Africa in 2003.Possible research themes noted were on archiving of web maps, turning userquestions or motivations into web map metadata, applying user research resultsto improve effectiveness of web maps, and methods os obtaining web map userfeedback (case studies). Other likely activities were to agree on aclassification of web maps and identify excellence in web map effectiveness bysetting up a showcase. Issues needing to be addressed were ownership, securityand copyright.
Appendix 2:
Workshop on Maps and theInternet
Program
Guangzhou, China, July 31 - Aug. 2, 2001
with Post-Workshop trip to Wuhan, Aug. 2-3, arriving BeijingAug. 4
Overview
The Workshop is being sponsored by the ICA Commission on Maps and theInternet, South China Normal University, the Guangdong Academy of Sciences, andthe ISPRS Commission IV/2. The ICA Commission was formed in 1999 in response tothe rapid growth in the use of electronic networks to distribute maps andspatial data. The purpose of the workshop is to bring together internationalspecialists in the field of Internet mapping and to disseminate information toa broader audience on new developments and major areas of research.
Conference Location
The meeting will be held in International Science and Technology Trade Centerin Guangzhou. A mini-bus will transfer conference attendees between theconference hotel and the Trade Center. A computer with LCD projection panel,CD-ROM, and Internet connection will be available for the presentations. Thebandwidth between China and other countries is limited so it might be best forspeakers to also bring a CD with examples.
Conference Hotel
The Baiyun Hotel which is about 15-20 minutes from the airport. The hotel islocated in one of the commercial centers in Guangzhou. The taxi fare from theairport to the hotel should be around 20 yuan (less than 3 dollars)(http://www.baiyun-hotel.com/).
We have received a group rate of approximately US$42 per night for a doubleroom at the Bai Yun. This is lower than the published rate. Make yourreservation through Dr. Bin Li at Bin Li <bin.li@cmich.edu>.
Information on the Bai Yun from their webpage(http://www.baiyun-hotel.com/):
Schedule
Tuesday July 31, 2001
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Wednesday August 1, 2001
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Thursday August 2, 2001
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Friday August 3, 2001
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Saturday August 4
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Schedule
July 31, 2001
8:00AM - 2:00 PM Registration at Hotel
2:30- 3:00 PM Welcome and Overview of Conference and Post-Conference trip to Wuhan
Overview of Conference (Peterson, Li Yan, Li Bin, Jianya Gong)
3:00- 4:00 PM Opening Session: Welcome Address by the Leaders in Guangzhou
4:15- 5:45 PM
Session #1: Internet Mapping Applications in Guangzhou
Chair: Li Yan, Institute of Geography,Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China
Ideal Meanings of DataSharing --- Maps on Internet, JianweiDing, Guangzhou Urban Planning Automation
Non-Point Pollution Source(NPS) Information System by Web-based Image & GIS Tools and Applications inShenzhen, China, WANG Yunpeng, LIANG Yu,State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute ofGeochemistry
Data Integration andManagement of Resource and Environment based on Web GIS
6:00- 7:30 PM Welcome Reception
To be held at a restaurant near the conference site. Self-servicedinner.
7:30- 9:00 PM Introductions and Demonstration Session
An introduction of participants and demonstration of web pages andmapping applications by interested participants. A lively introduction ofparticipants accompanied by a short overview of their web site and associatedweb-mapping applications.
August 1, 2001
8:00- 10:15 PM
Session 2: Technical Aspects of Internet Mapping
Chair:
Federated Spatial Databaseand Interoperability, Jianya Gong, YandongWang, Wuhan University, China.
Visualizing Spatial Data andAssociated Multimedia Information on the Internet, Shunfu Hu, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, USA
Towards the Development of aIntegrated Internet System for Improving User Access to Maps,
A Study on GML-BasedUbiquitous WebGIS, LUO Ying-wei, WANGXiao-lin, MA Jian and XU Zhuo-qun
Dept. of Computer Science and Technology, Peking University, Beijing
Information Features ofNetwork Map, Zhigang LI, Ruizhi SHI,Surveying Institute, University of Information Engineering
Peer-to-Peer Sharing ofCartographic Data, Bin Li, CentralMichigan University, USA
10:30AM - 12:30 PM
Session 3: User Aspects of Internet Mapping
Chair:
Web Cartography: Use andUser Issues, Corné van Elzakker, ITCDivision of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Visualization, The Netherlands
Usability Tests withInteractive Maps, Gennady Andrienko andNatalia Andrienko, GMD - German National Research Center for InformationTechnology
Web-based Maps in Support ofTeaching Weather and Physical Geography,James Carter, Illinois State University, USA
The Form and Function ofInternet Maps, Rex G. Cammack, SouthwestMissouri State University, USA
Map Design and theStaged-Information Processing Approach,George McCleary, University of Kansas, USA
1:30- 9:00 PM
Tour of Guangzhou and Night Tour of Pearl River (Dinner*included)
August 2, 2001
8:00- 10:00 PM
Session 4: Applications of Internet Mapping
Chair:
Participative ForestManagement Facilitated by the Use of GIS/Internet Integrated Data
A Comparison of Web-basedGIS and Web-based Multimedia Cartography as Tools for an Historical GeographyAnalysis: New Bedford, Massachusetts,1889-1999, Alberto Giordano, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA
Cartographic Solutions forVisualization of Northern City of Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada
Thinking in EnterpriseArchitecture of webGIS Applications, QiMingyao 1, Chi Tianhe 1, Huo Liang 2, (1 Institute of Geographic Sciences andNatural Resources Resarch,Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101), (2Wuhan Technologic University of Surveying and Mapping ,Wuhan,430079).
The Automated Display ofMaps from the Internet, Michael Peterson,University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA
10:30- 12:30 PM
Session 5: Future Trends
Chair:
Multi-purpose Publishing ofGeodata in the Web, Lassi Lehto, FinnishGeodetic Institute, Finland
Mobile Internet: ApplyingMaps to Mobile Clients, Georg Gartner,Susanne Uhlirz & Andreas Pammer, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Internet MappingApplications in Hong Kong - from World Wide Web to Mobile
Mobile Internet MapCommunication in Japanese Daily Life,Hiroshi OTA, Futsubu School, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
A Proposal for aCollaborative On-line Course in Multimedia Cartography
2:00- 3:00 PM
Visit of GDRGC, Guangzhou Instituteof Geography
6:30PM
Leave for Wuhan by Train
Post-WorkshopTrip, Aug. 2 - 4
Dr. Jianya Gong, Director of theNational GIS Laboratory at Wuhan University, will accompany a group of workshopparticipants by train from Guangzhou to Beijing. We will be in Wuhan on Friday,August 3, for a tour of the city and the National GIS Laboratory. Lodging willbe arranged for Friday August 3 in Wuhan.
Thursday August 2, 2001:
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o Train reservations have been made for a group of 20.
o Arrive 8:30 AM Friday, August 3, 2001
Friday August 3, 2001:
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Program Committee
Guobin Chi, Geography Department, South China Normal University, China
Corné van Elzakker, ITC Division of Geoinformatics, The Netherlands
Georg Gartner, Cartography Institute, Technical University of Vienna, Austria
Bin Li, Department of Geography, Central Michigan University, USA
Yan Li, Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China
Jianya Gong, National GIS Laboratory, Wuhan University
Michael Peterson, Geography/Geology, Nebraska-Omaha, USA
Commission Web Pages